When I first started looking into sailing I would come across some terms that I knew, like Mast or Port.  I get those.  Then I would come across words like Dorade or Well Found and I'd be like What The??? So to help those who are similarly experienced as I, here are the results of my research into Sailing Terms I will be adding to this as I encounter new words:

Boat - 1: a vessel that often floats in water. 2: a hole in the water that one pours money into.

Hull - The bottom portion of a boat that provide the shape and bouyancy.

Keel - On a sailboat it is the weighted portion of the hull that provides stability.

Bow - The front end of the boat.

Stern - The back end of the boat.

Port - The left side of the boat when facing forward.

Starboard - The right side of the boat when facing forward.

Beam - The sides of the boat.  There is a port and a starboard beam. 

Fore or Foreward - A point more towards the bow then another reference point.  "The mast is foreward of the cockpit".

Aft or Abaft - A point more towards the stern then another reference point.  "The cockpit is aft of the mast".

Abeam - Toward or from the side of the boat.  "We are abeam of that cruise ship". 

Outboard - Further away from the center of a boat than another reference point. "The lifelines are outboard of the sidedecks". 

Upwind - Into or towards the direction the wind is coming from.

Downwind - Away from the direction the wind is coming from. 

Deck - Flat portion of the boat that one can walk on.  Generally the top.

Cabin - The living area of boat.  The inside area.

Rudder - A fin like appendage attached to or near the stern of a boat that provides directional stability.  Controls the direction the boat goes in.

Tiller - On smaller sailboats the rudder is connected to and is controled by a bar called a tiller.

Wheel - On larger sailboats the rudder is connected via pulley's and cables to a wheel.  The connection can provide some mechanical advantage for controlling a heavier boat.

Mast - The tall beam or tube on a sailboat that supports the sails vertically. 

Boom - The long tube or beam that supports the Main Sail horizontally from the mast.  Connects to the bottom of the main sail to help give it shape and prevent it from flapping in the wind.

Standing Rigging - The cables and bars that support and provide stabilility for the mast.  This typically includes the Forestay, Backstay, shrouds and spreaders.

Forestay - A large cable that connects to the deck near the bow and to the top of the mast.  The forestay provides stability to the mast and sails can be attached to it.

Backstay - A large cabe that connects to the deck near the stern and to the top of the mast.  The backstay provides stability to the mast.

Shrouds - Large cables that attach to the deck abeam of the mast on both sides and to the top of the mast.  Shrouds provide stability to the mast.

Spreaders -  Bars or spars attached to the mast and shrouds to maintain spacing between to the two.  Spreaders allow for the fine tuning of rigging and improve mast stability.

Mainsail - The large triangular sail aft of the mast and connected to the boom. Provides the primary sail power on a sailboat.

Headsail - Any of a number of sails that in general are attached forward of the mast. 

Jib - A common type of headsail that is triangular and connects to the forestay forward of the mast.  There are various sizes of jibs and they are rated in size by how much of the space between the mast and the forestay they take up.  A 100% jib would fill the entire triangle made by the mast, the deck and the forestay.  A 120% jib will be bigger and extend aft past the mast.

Genoa - Another term for a Jib that is larger than 100%.

Spinnaker - A very large foresail that is used only when sailing downwind. 

Running Rigging - The lines and hardware used to raise, lower and control sails.

Traveler - A car attached to a rail which is connected to the aft portion of the boom via a block and tackle to control the boom.  The traveler can be moved port and starboard and lengthened to allow the boom to swing from the port beam to the starboard beam.

Boom Vang - A block and tackle or rod that attached to the foreward portion of the boom to help control the boom.  The Boom Vang prevents the boom from being lifted too much by the mainsail.

Halyard - Lines or ropes used to raise and lower sails.

Sheet - Lines or ropes attached to or near the Clew to control a sails position and shape. 

Outhaul - A line attached to the clew of a sail to keep the foot of the sail taught.  The outhaul on the Mainsail is attached to the Clew then goes around a pulley on the aft end of the boom and then forward.  There will be a locking mechanism on the boom to tension and tie off the outhaul. 

Telltails -  Light string, often yarn, tied to the shrouds or sewn onto sail to give a visual reference for how wind is passing over the boat and around the sails.  They help in triming sails.

Cleat - There are several types of cleats, all with the same purpose.  They provide a solid point to attach a rope to free hands for other tasks.  Traditionally shaped like a flat T.  Mounted in the middle with two arms extending from the center which allow a rope to be wrapped in a figure eight fashion.  Now there are Cam Cleats and Jam Cleats that hold a rope by pinching it, releasing the rope is as simple as pulling it straight out of the cams.

Windward -  Toward the direction the wind is coming from.  Toward the wind.

Leeward - Away from the direction the wind is coming from.  Away from the wind. 

Port Tack - Describes the configuration of a sailboat with relation to the wind.  A boat is on port tack when the wind is coming over the port side of the boat and the sails are to leeward, starboard.  Sail position is what will tell other boats what tack you are on. 

Starboard Tack - Describes the configuration of a sailboat with relation to the wind.  A boat is on starboard tack when the wind is coming over the starboard side of the boat and the sails are to leeward, port.  Sail position is what will tell other boats what tack you are on. 

Tacking - Turning the boat into the wind far enough that the sails will swing over to the other side of the boat.  A boat on starboard Tack will turn starboard until the sails swing over the boat can sail in the new direction.  Generally speaking this is at least a 90o turn.

Gybing - Turning the boat away from the wind, to leeward, until the sails swing over to the other side.  Care must be taken to maintain control of the Mainsail, and thereby the boom, during this maneuver. 

In Irons -  Pointing the boat directly into the wind.  A sailboat can not sail in this direction.

Close hauled - Sailing as close to the wind as possible.  Generally this is about 45o off the wind.  The sails are pulled in as tight as they can be and the bow is pointed as high as it can without the sails luffing.

Close Reach - Sailing between 45o and 90o  off the wind.

Beam Reach - Sailing with the wind directly off the beam. On many boats a Reach is one of the most efficient points of sail.

Broad Reach - Any point of sail which is down wind but is not a run, IE directly down wind.

Run - Sailing directly down wind. 

Wellfound -  Non-specific term indicating the outfitting, seaworthyness, and disposition of a boat in a seaway.  A wellfound boat is one that is safe, seaworthy, and outfitted for blue water passages.

Seakindly - Describes the motion a boat will have in large or rough seas.  A seakindly boat will be generally smooth through the waves and won't slam into or on top of waves.

Chainplate - A heavy metal plate attached to a deck to allow for the attachment of rigging which will cause vertical tension or compression.  Shrouds and stays are attached to chainplates at the deck.